Understanding Consumer Needs Example

Essays on Understanding Consumer Needs Book Report/Review ï » ¿ Understanding Consumer Needs Table of Contents Understanding Consumer Needs 1 Table of Contents 1 Understanding the client’s enquiry 2 Advertising the product 2 Importance of a warranty 3 Rights and responsibilities of a consumer 4 How to make the best choice? 5 Potential Risks involved in the realization of the project 5 Strategies for regular post-purchase communication and Referral Networks 6 Bibliography 8 Understanding the client’s enquiry Stanley Carmichael is interested to install computerized printing equipment manufactured in his company and have informed about this over phone. But, it is not possible to make all enquiries through telephonic conversations. Hence, firstly it is important to organize a face-to-face meeting in a convenient ambience. After such a meeting has been arranged, the following points could be taken care of to ensure that the consumer’s enquiries are fully understood. It is necessary to allow the consumer to speak for himself first; otherwise there wouldn’t be any ground for further questions. After the consumer has cleared his position, it is necessary to cross question him on each and every point spoken as well as about any doubts that might have occurred in the minds of both the parties, to assure that both are on a transparent ground. Advertising the product Once the questionnaire round is over, it is important to advertise the product that is supposed to get sold, to ensure 1. The consumer might not change his mind later for lack of proper information and also to make his grounds for sticking to the particular brand stronger. 2. It is also a matter of goodwill on part of the seller to assure that the potential consumer knows every detail of the product as well as the brand he has thought of investing in. He wants to invest in computerized printing equipment, also known as digital printers. Mr. Carmichael should be made aware of the brand specific advantages. The main grounds of advertising could be – a. Cost Efficiency – The particular product could be advertised as being cost efficient on grounds of a low maintenance cost or a low cost of electricity consumption per unit of processing. b. Brand image – This could be a very important and effective ground of advertising provided that the company had been in the business since a long time and have a good number of satisfied and hence loyal customers. c. Test Reports – The manufacturer can also provide the potential customer the reports on various tests conducted on its products thus showing how enriched they are in various features. d. Warranty – The consumer could also be attracted on grounds of better warranty schemes. But in order to advertise for a particular brand or product it is necessary to study the market conditions first and get aware of the various versions or models of the products available in the market. Importance of a warranty Warranty is important for two reasons – 1. A sense of security comes up with a warranty which is important especially when electronic goods are involved. It makes them more comfortable in making the purchase as now they can be certain of a replacement in case any internal feature of the product breaks down. 2. A warranty signals about the quality of a product. Generally it is found that reputed companies or those selling genuine products and are sure that a breakdown can only be a matter of chance, offer warranty schemes. Rights and responsibilities of a consumer A consumer enjoys certain rights and responsibilities that must be taken care of by the manufacturer and conveyed through mutual agreements. 1. Right to Safety – The consumer must be ensured that no health hazards are involved in the particular type of digital printer he is investing in. 2. Right to Information – The consumer must have sufficient information about the quality, effectiveness and standard of the product before making a purchase. 3. Right to Choice – The consumer must be provided all information about the products falling under the category of digital printers and produced by the same manufacturer before he makes a decision. 4. Right to be Heard – Mr. Carmichael must have the right to voice his opinions in case of any grievance or any suggestions for improvisation. 5. Right to Redress – The consumer must have the right to replace his purchase in case he finds that it does not meet the standards that is being advertised. 6. Right to Consumer Education – A consumer must have the rights to apply his own past experience to assess the quality of a particular good.. However at the same time, the consumer has some responsibilities that 1. Mr. Carmichael must not use the product for any unfair practices or in any unfair way so as to harm the social as well as the ecological environment. 2. Mr. Carmichael must also actively take part in a consumer forum to help the government in ensuring that better quality goods may circulate in the market. How to make the best choice? Mr. Carmichael is inexperienced in the field and needs an expert advice to make the best choice. In any case, a manufacturer will be the expert about his own products, so it becomes his duty to help out his customer in making the best purchase. In this particular product type, the best choice should be made on the basis of the following criteria – 1. The kind of products that are printed – If the products printed are official or formal in nature, then mostly a black-and-white format would be used, but for informal purposes, a colourful format is more common. In the latter case therefore, more focus must be given to the standard of the colours on the printed document. 2. The scale in which production is made on an average – Some digital printers have high maintenance costs but a good quality of print-out and some of them have a low cost of maintenance but an adjustable quality. So, it important to know the scale of production, because if the production is on a large scale then a high maintenance cost will be distributed evenly which will not be the case for a small scale production. Potential Risks involved in the realization of the project Even after the talks have been finalized in the meeting certain issues might crop up preventing the project from getting materialized. Some such risks are – 1. Strategic Risk – The entry of a potential competitor adding more attractive features in the product and thus luring away the buyer. 2. Financial Risk – A risk of the manufacturer remains if Mr. Carmichael fails to pay for his products after the products have been delivered and the manufacturer had taken a business loan to make provisions for the proper delivery. 3. Operational Risk – Just after the goods have been manufactured and are passing through a test to ensure that they would be delivered in the right form, as demanded, a small discrepancy in some key feature might show up that would indeed need a lot of time for repair. 4. Political and Economic instability – The political and economic scenario in the nation might be unstable enough to prevent a smooth functioning by hindering the delivery of necessary raw materials or the final product itself. Strategies for regular post-purchase communication and Referral Networks The responsibility of the manufacturer does not end up after the delivery of the goods has been made. One way to keep open a regular post purchase communication is – 1. Sending attractively printed brochures and booklets making the customer aware of the various models or versions of the product that are newly launched by the manufacturer. 2. Making the customer aware of the company’s progress by giving out regular hand-outs. 3. Promptly responding to any feedback by the customer to maintain the goodwill. In fact responding regularly to feedbacks by the customers can benefit the company for future business. Bibliography Myers Margaret, Kaposi Agnes. A First Systems Book: Technology and Management (2nd Edition). London. Imperial College Press. 2004.

Lifting the Veil Free Essays

Striving to Live Above the Veil W. E. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifting the Veil or any similar topic only for you Order Now Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk, a collection of autobiographical and historical essays contains many themes. Themes such as souls and their attainment of consciousness and the theme of double consciousness appear in many of the compositions. However, one of the most prominent themes is that of â€Å"the veil. † The veil provides a connection between the 14 seemingly unconnected essays that make up this book. Mentioned at least once in most of the essays the veil is the stereotypes that whites bring to their interactions with blacks. African Americans are prejudged as incapable and thus not given a chance to prove themselves. This can become a self-fulfilling prophecy if one is told they can’t do something, they may internalize that belief and think they can’t, when in fact they can. Du Bois puts it as, â€Å"this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others† (Du Bois 2). The veil is a metaphor for the separation and invisibility of black life and existence in America; also a way to represent the idea of blacks living in a â€Å"white world†. The veil is symbolic of the invisibility of blacks in America. Du Bois says that Blacks in America are a forgotten people, â€Å"after the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil† (Du Bois 2). The invisibility of Black existence in America is one of the reasons why Du Bois writes The Souls of Black Folk, in order to explain the â€Å"invisible† history and strivings of Black Americans, Du Bois writes in the forethought, â€Å"I have sought here to sketch, in vague, uncertain outline, the spiritual world in which ten thousand Americans live and strive† (v). Du Bois in each of the following chapters tries to build the idea of Black existence from that of the reconstruction period to the black spirituals and the stories of rural black children that he tried to educate. Du Bois in the book is contending with trying to establish some sense of history and memory for Black Americans, Du Bois struggles in the pages of the book to prevent Black Americans from becoming unseen to the rest of the world, hidden behind a veil of prejudice. He writes in the after-thought, â€Å"Hear my Cry, O God the reader vouch safe that this my book fall not still born into the world-wilderness. Let there spring, Gentle one, from its leaves vigor of thought and thoughtful deed to reap the harvest wonderful†Ã‚  (165). Du Bois wanted this book to inspire Blacks to fight for their rights and equality, he didn’t just want this book to be read, he wanted people to react to the writing and make a change. The veil also acts as a psychological barrier separating blacks from whites. The theme of this separation of blacks and whites is a central metaphor of the book starting with the first lines where Du Bois recalls his encounters with whites who view him not as a person but as a problem, â€Å"They half approach me in a half-hesitant sort of way, eye me curiously or compassionately, and then instead of saying directly how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent colored man in my town†(1). The veil in this case hides the humanity of blacks which has important implications to the types of relations that developed between blacks and whites. With their humanity hidden behind the veil black and white relations at the time of the writing of The Souls Of Black Folk were marked by violence: draft riots in New York during the Civil War, riots following the reconstruction period, the lynching of Blacks, and the formation of the Klu Klux Klan. The theme of separation caused by the veil is repeated throughout the book several times. For example slave religious practices were separate from white religious practices. Although many times slaves and their masters worshipped together. Religion during the slavery period provided two very different things for master and slaves. For the master religion was a way to justify slavery and for slaves religion became a form of resistance; a way to resist social death and hope that they can overcome the barrier of white prejudices. Another difference is what the reconstruction period did for each race. For blacks reconstruction was a time of optimism and freedom; for whites reconstruction was a time in which the north repressed a defeated region, with ignorant former slaves, who unable to act constructively for themselves were pawns for the people of the North. These differences created immense misunderstanding and because of that neither race was able to overcome the obstacle of learning and excepting a different culture; both whites and blacks thought the worst about each other. Du Bois unlike other blacks is able to move around the veil, operate behind it, lift it, and even transcend it. In the forethought Du Bois tells the reader that in the following chapters he has, â€Å"Stepped with in the veil, raising it that you may view faintly its deeper recesses, -the meaning of its religion, the passion of its human sorrow, and the struggle of its greater souls. Du Bois in the first Chapter steps outside the veil to reveal the origin and his awareness of the veil. He also rises above the veil in chapter six, when he explores the great arts, â€Å"I sit with Shakespeare and he winces not. Across the color-line I move arm in arm with Balzac and Dumas, where smiling men and welcoming women glide in gilded halls. From out the caves of evening t hat swing between the strong-limbed earth and the tracery of the stars, I summon Aristotle and Aurelius and what soul I will, and they will come all graciously with no scorn nor condensation. So, wed with Truth, I dwell above the veil† (67). No discrimination is to be had when he is reading great works of art because his race doesn’t affect his ability to read and interpret them. Also it is Du Bois’s awareness of the veil that allows him to step outside of it and reveal the history of the Negro. Du Bois goes on to show his white audience the history of the Black man following reconstruction, the origins of the black church. Du Bois then talks about the conditions of individuals living behind the veil from his first born son who, â€Å"With in the veil was he born, said I; and there with in shall he live, -a Negro and a Negro’s son†¦. I saw the shadow of the veil as it passed over my baby, I saw the cold city towering above the blood read land† (128). In this passage Du Bois is both within and above the veil. He is a Negro living like his baby within the veil but he is also above the veil, able to see it pass over his child. After Du Bois’s child dies he prays that it will, â€Å"sleep till I sleep, and waken to a baby voice and the ceaseless patter of little feet-above the veil† (131). Here Du Bois is living above the veil but in the following Chapter he once again travels behind the veil to tell the story of Alexander Crummell a black man who for, â€Å"fourscore years had he wondered in this same world of mine, within the Veil† (134). Du Bois relates to Crummell who struggled against prejudices while trying to become a priest. In the Chapter on â€Å"Sorrow Songs† Du Bois implores the reader to rise above the veil. He writes, â€Å"In his good time America shall rend the veil and the prisoner shall go free† (163). Du Bois compared the veil to a prison that traps Blacks from achieving progress and freedom. According to Du Bois the veil causes Blacks to accept the false images that whites see of Blacks. Du Bois although not directly in The Souls of Black Folk critique’s Booker T. Washington for accepting the veil and accepting white’s image and misconception of blacks. Booker T. Washington accepts the white idea that blacks are problem people; not a people with a problem caused by white racism. Washington seeks to work behind the veil by pursuing polices of accommodation. Du Bois in contrast wants blacks to transcend the veil by politically disturbing the concept of what blacks are and what they are worth and by gaining a full education. The veil is a metaphor that suggests the invisibility of black America, the separation between whites and blacks, and the obstacles that blacks face in gaining self-consciousness in a racist society. The veil is not a two dimensional cloth to Du Bois but instead it is a three dimensional prison that prevent blacks from seeing themselves as they are, but instead makes them see the negative stereotypes that whites have of them. This book was Du Bois’s â€Å"letter† to the American people urging them not to live behind the veil but to live above it. How to cite Lifting the Veil, Essay examples

Training and Development Transportation Industry

Questions: 1. Using publicly available information and data, propose business goalsfor Comfort that will address the challenges the company and industryas a whole is facing. 2. Conduct an organisational training needs analysis to determine theknowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for realising the businessgoals proposed in Part (i). Report your findings. 3. Conduct a task (functional) analysis to determine the observable actionsand tacit cognitive functions needed for proficiency (and perhaps evenexcellence) in the identified job tasks. Report your findings. 4. Conduct individual learning needs analysis to determine the employeesperformance gaps as compared against the findings of the task analysis. Report your findings. 5. Based on the findings of the three (3) levels of training needs analysisconducted, craft the learning outcomes for the training programme to bedesigned. Answers: Introduction According to Li (2016), among the several business sectors in the world one of the most advancing and expanding part is the transportation industry. The large scale technological innovations have not only helped the taxi sector but the whole of the industry. With a growth in demand patterns and changes in the macro environment, modernization and creativity in the taxi industry have served as a benefit to some companies and reason of downfall to the others. Concerning Singapore, introduction of the new business strategies and disruptive mechanisms have resulted in suffering of commuters and companies. (Gan, An Miao, 2014) The essay deals with two companies namely, Comfort Transportation and Grab Car. A study on several theories has also been included in the project for a better understanding of the current situation prevailing in the industry as well. 1. With a launch of Grab Car in Singapore the well known Comfort and City Cab is confronted with a great deal of competition. An introduction of the car sharing applications in the nation has greatly resulted in the downfall of revenue generation for the traditional firm. Further, the low flexibility and adaptability issues also act as a hindrance to the industry as a whole. In addition to the troublesome innovations and ineffective business models have also contributed to the downfall of business firms. Not only has the inability to match market mechanisms resulted in a disruptive relation with clients and cabbies but also with policymakers. Comfort managers recognize the need for reframing business goals and objectives in response to the impacting issues. As stated by Lim Chia (2015), one of the most important targets decided by the board of members is to provide the customers with their demand and also ensure their safety. An aim to stabilise journey prices will also contribute towards mitigating current problems. As compared to Grab Car a non-presence of surge prices will attract more clients. Moreover, providing the people with a friendly 24*7 service would result in increasing profits of the firm. In terms of developing environmental conditions, the drivers need to be provided with adequate training, education on consumer wants and well-maintained vehicles. 2. In order to be able to develop and emerge dominant to Grab Car and several other similar companies, Comfort Transportation needs skilled, trained and experienced employees in the organizational structure. Further to fulfil business goals managers highlight the need for performance of the workforce. As opined by Phillips Phillips (2016), the procedure of organizational training analysis tends to focus on indentifying skill development requirements, its kind and implement strategies among the workforce based on the goals of the firm. As compared to Grab Car, supervisors in Comfort Transportation focus on making effective decisions in training and development areas. In response to the technological advancements and application by the new firm, the traditional company targets adaptability, analytical skills, communication, customer focus and teamwork. Additionally, for price stability and safety aspects, managers tend to maximise leadership skills, risk management training and project administration. Communication skills are also implied by the organization to develop personal and friendly relationship as compared to the worse connection between Grab Car and their clients. Among every other skill development programs organized by the firm, to operate successfully in Singapore Comfort Transportation largely focuses on undertaking originality training and inventiveness polices in the business framework (Shaheen Cohen, 2013). 3. Task analysis (TA) is one of the most important topics that are concentrated on by the managers of Comfort Transportation. To overcome hurdles posed by Grab Car in the Singapore market, the supervisors of the traditional firm focuses on manpower, mental attitudes, work frequencies, allocation, task complexity and several other fluctuating factors required to accomplish a task (Hart et al., 2013). With a growth of the modern firm and a consequent downfall in Comfort, managers recognize the unwillingness of workers to put in effort for achieving goals. In comparison to Grab Car, Comfort supervisors focus on hierarchical task process to organize work and fulfill goals. The company tends to offer better work conditions and abide by the policies of the country to not only maintain legality but also to heighten customer trusts. Unlike Grab Cars, the traditional firm taxis provide service even in harsh conditions. On the other hand, no kilometer and time limit of the new entrant enables it to perform extensively (Zahraei et al., 2016). On the other hand cognitive process that studies the mental attitude of the workforce tends to indicate their behaviors towards the growing competition. Despite cabbies welcoming rivalry, a presence of inequality forms the main source of reluctance. Unlike Grab Car, a good level of internal and external communication is beneficial to the drivers. Additionally, perpetual skills, mental models, attention, collaboration and multi dimensional behavior also contribute effectively. 4. A process of individual learning needs analysis is also carried out by the management of Comfort Transportations to check the individual requirements for training and also for monitoring the implementation of skill development programs in the business structure. Additionally, the analysis also educated managers with employee performance and capability level gaps as well. According to Jonassen Grabowski (2012), comparing the two tools of analysis it can be seen that the presence of several factors contributes towards a downfall in the cognitive and hierarchal task processes. Concerning the high return and low limitation in workings of Grab Car, the company is supplied with a highly experienced and quality taskforce. Factors like inefficient communication, over rated prices and unsafe commuters results in low quality service which ultimately results in economic downfall and further a mismatch between the learning needs and task analysis levels. Additionally, increase in per day cost of hiring a taxi ($150), insurance coverage issues, legality problems, and several other factors contribute towards low productivity and attitude levels of employees (New entrants turn the taxi industry on its head., 2016). The economic collapse and low profit levels as compared to Grab Cars of the traditional firm also contributes towards the inefficiency of action and mental plans. 5. The three levels of training needs that are organizational, occupational and individual serve as the basis for developing outcomes and act as the basis for filling gaps between deficiencies and success. Concerning organizational needs, competencies of the traditional Comfort Transportation are the basis for facilitating decision making and success strategy. The traditional firm enjoys a brand value, price stability and professional relation with the customers. On the contrary elements like inadaptability and technological innovations affect productivity levels. In terms of occupational needs, training, knowledge, skills, behavior and attitudes of the employees plays the key role in achieving goals. Comfort to be able to maximize competitive advantage factors in comparison to Grab Cars and fulfill objectives, the firm involves in training and skill development programs for the workforce. In addition to leadership, risk management, communication development and administration skills, the management focus on ensuring safety and providing the people with large scale benefits. Regarding individual requirements, the personal requirements of workers are taken into consideration by Comfort Transportations. The firm provides the employees with a job security and insurance coverage schemes unlike Grab Car. Also to maintain the employment structure in response to the increased competition level, the firm offers training programs as well (Agarwal et al., 2015). As compared to Grab Cars, the traditional firm operates benefiting the worker, customers and the policy makers. Conclusion Analyzing the various aspects of Comfort and Grab Car it can be inferred that the later company has greatly affect business development off the traditional firm. A study of various analysis tools compares the two firms in the most effective manners. Despite of the people praising the modern innovations and car sharing applications, there still exist comeback chances for the traditional firm. In comparison to Comfort drivers, Grab Car provides their employees with large benefits, high remuneration and an increased level of profit which acts as one of the most impacting factors in modern times. Scrutinizing several approaches it can be concluded that with proper planning and control Comfort Transportation will be able to regain its position. References Agarwal, S., Cheng, S. F., Keppo, J., Rengarajan, S. (2015). Learning by Driving: Evidence from Taxi Driver Wages in Singapore.Available at SSRN. Gan, J., An, B., Miao, C. (2014, May). An efficient algorithm for taxi system optimization. InProceedings of the 2014 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems(pp. 1465-1466). International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Hart, H., Radua, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects.JAMA psychiatry,70(2), 185-198. Jonassen, D. H., Grabowski, B. L. (2012).Handbook of individual differences, learning, and instruction. Routledge. Li, H. R. (2016). Taxi Positioning in the New Age of Internet and Industrial Development Research.Procedia Engineering,137, 811-816. Lim, S. M., Chia, S. E. (2015). The prevalence of fatigue and associated health and safety risk factors among taxi drivers in Singapore.Singapore medical journal,56(2), 92. New entrants turn the taxi industry on its head. (2016).Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 3 November 2016, from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-entrants-turn-the/2214680.html Phillips, J. J., Phillips, P. P. (2016).Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. Shaheen, S. A., Cohen, A. P. (2013). Carsharing and personal vehicle services: worldwide market developments and emerging trends.International Journal of Sustainable Transportation,7(1), 5-34. Zahraei, S. M., Choo, C., Cheema, W., Cheah, L. (2016). Foresight Study on Singapore Urban Mobility: Methodologies and Preliminary Insights. InComplex Systems Design Management Asia(pp. 135-145). Springer International Publishing.

Love And Hate Essays - Love, Emotions, Discrimination, Hatred

Love And Hate Historically, extremes in emotion and reason do not often mix. I am thus cautious of attempting to comb through love or hate with reason. My recourses are two: to (yes, using what reason I have) separate intellectual thought from emotion; and to apply as little reason as possible without ceasing to write. It seems reasonable (sorry) to assume that emotion and reason have nothing to do with each other. It also seems very likely that one cannot exist with the other. They seem capable of cohabitation within a single person, but fall upon differing objects. Are not the things we love or hate not the things we understand? Hate: Hate is one of our reactions to a lack of understanding. We cannot hate that which we understand. Hate is our frustration at failure to comprehend. The more we understand something hated, the more our hatred becomes sadness or pity, or deepens to a hatred of that which caused whatever it was that we did not understand. In the latter case, the hatred may increase with understanding, but the object of the hatred has shifted. We are given a wide range of paths for dealing with our hatred, from the altruistic to the reactionary. The altruists, wishing peace without societal discord, tell us to repress our hatred and replace it with love, a path bound eventually for emotive explosion and breakdown. The diametric path gives us a series of smaller explosions with promise of emotional stability as a result of constant expulsion of malefic urges. Neither of these, or combinations thereof, are terribly productive ways in which to deal with hate, as even the moderate paths deal with the hatred only superficially and inefficiently. I see the only way around hatred being understanding. Upon comprehension of the object of hatred, one is either better equipped for the constructive removal of said object, cooly and rationally; or no longer desirous of the removal. Either outcome is fully satisfying altruistically. In the latter case, one must accept simultaneously a bit of humility for having been mistaken as well as a bit of pride for having become a bit more correct. This leaves one emotionally balanced. The hatred is not repressed, but transformed. The same emotional energy is simply working in a different direction. Upon the removal of the object, the hatred is put to work in a positive manner instead of simply lashing out half-cocked and possibly incorrectly. The process is simply that of questioning: "why does this specific situation exist?", and "what can be done to cause this situation not to exist?". Realize that just as for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; for every reaction, there is an equal and opposite cause; and that nothing is simply either cause or effect, but everything is both. Love: Ask the same questions, hope not to find answers, and don't be disappointed when you do. If you find understanding of the object of love, it will no longer be an object of love, as love, similarly to hate, is a reaction to a lack of understanding. The faster you find answers, the more superficial the emotion. When answers come in the form of more questions, you have a true indication of the intensity and thoroughness of the emotion, and there is more likelyhood that when love finally disappears, through comprehension, it will be replaced with respect and admiration which you will find very easy to tell yourself is the same thing. I am sorry if it seems I have advised you to processes that diminish or destroy emotions; I have not. Emotions, contrary to poetic assumption, are not permanent, but transitory (although it is certainly not impossible for them to remain for durations exceeding a human lifetime). I believe that the proper thing to do with emotions is to consummate them, not to either prolong or shorten their duration, for one is stagnation and the other repression.

female young offenders essays

female young offenders essays Dressed in a baggy T-shirt, cotton pants and runners with long wavy hair falling around her shoulders, she looks like an ordinary teenager. Yet because of her crime she spent her sweet sixteen birthday locked up in one of British Columbias closed custody units for youth. Janice which is not her real name because the Young Offenders Act prohibits publication of a youths identity is incarcerated for her part in the brutal murder of 14 year-old Reena Virk in November 1997, an event that shocked the country and prompted Bad Girl headlines coast to coast. What made this case so unbelievable was that seven out of eight of the teens who participated in butting out a cigarette on Virks forehead, and punching and kicking her until she was dazed and bleeding, were girls. (Chislom, 1997) Many people believe that because of incidents like this, there must be a major problem with our female youth and crime today. Although this was an extremely heinous crime are female youths really becoming more violent and more capable of murder? Are crimes committed by young females catching up to the number of crimes committed by young males? These are questions sought and researched by many individuals and groups in Canadian society as well as all around the world. No matter what the numbers are today of crimes committed by young females, the crimes they commit are still significantly lower than that of their male counterparts. However, there is an increase of young female offenders and it is becoming more recognized by the media and society. Female offenders commit relatively fewer severe crimes than males, they are less likely to recidivate, and yet although the Young Offenders Act abolished status offences, young women are treated differently by the courts compared to youthful males. In general, both young males and females have the same factors which may lead them down the ...

Qualitative Data Definition and Examples

Qualitative Data Definition and Examples In statistics, qualitative data- sometimes referred to as categorical data- is data that can be arranged into categories based on physical traits, gender, colors or anything that does not have a number associated with it. The hair colors of players on a football team, the color of cars in a parking lot, the letter grades of students in a classroom, the types of coins in a jar, and the shape of candies in a variety pack are all examples of qualitative data so long as a particular number is not assigned to any of these descriptions. Qualitative data is contrasted with  quantitative data  wherein quantitative  data sets have numbers associated with them that evaluate the quantity of an object or objects with shared features. Oftentimes, quantitative data is used to analyze qualitative data sets. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data Its pretty easy to understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative data: the former doesnt include numbers in its definition of traits of an object or group of objects while the latter does. Still, it can get confusing when thinking in terms of statistical attributes, which include size and dimensions, which are quantitative and not qualitative data. In order to better understand these concepts, its best to observe examples of particular datasets and how they can be defined. Observe which are qualitative and which are quantitative data sets in the following examples: The cats have orange, brown, black, or white fur (qualitative).The boys have brown, black, blonde, and red hair (qualitative).There are four black cats and five orange cats (quantitative).The cake was 50 percent chocolate and 50 percent vanilla (quantitative). Even when a particular feature or attribute of an object is qualitative, such as chocolate for the cake or black for the cats, the inclusion of a number in the data set makes it a quantitative one, though this interplay is important for the study of statistics as it provides categories for which mathematicians  can then compare numerically. The Importance of Qualitative Data Whereas quantitative data is important in determining the particular frequency of traits or characteristics, the sizes, and dimensions of objects, and that sort of information about a given topic, qualitative data like the color of hair or skin of employees in a company or the healthiness of a pets coat can be important in statistical analysis, especially when paired with quantitative data about these qualitative features. Essentially, qualitative data is important because it allows statisticians to form parameters through which to observe larger sets of data. For instance, a company that wanted to determine the diversity of its workforce would want to look at a set of qualitative data like race and ethnicity of its employees as well as the quantitative data of the frequency of employees to belong to those races and ethnicities. Qualitative data provides the means for which observers can quantify the world around them- there are three blondes, two brunettes, and three black-haired women at the table or there are 16  freshmen and 15 sophomores attending the annual band trip.

Using the IRAC rule law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Using the IRAC rule law - Essay Example Using the IRAC rule law People always assume that riots and vandalism are not liable for compensation by insurance and the police are also not liable. However, According to commercial property coverage guide a riot is â€Å"any disturbances of the public’s peace by more than three people helping each other execute destruction of property and people by use of force and aggression in an unlawful manner†. According to this rule of law it seems the peoples assumptions are wrong yet the law states otherwise. The confusion here is that for the state to be liable for compensating Eric it must be first be investigated to find out the cause and intention. This is because for the state to compensate Eric, the law states that â€Å"the loss of his pharmacy must be accidental as intentional damages and loss and criminals acts are not liable for compensation†. According to Erick’s case, the people who looted, vandalized and burnt his pharmacy do not know him personally to be doing the damage intentionally nor are they doing it to cause damage for him. Secondly, the looting and vandalism was not done by Erick himself but a rowdy group thus the insurance is liable for compensation. The state is liable for compensation in Erick’s case since the police stood by and did not prevent the rioters from vandalizing and burning his pharmacy. Therefore, Erick must be compensated for losses incurred in his shop. Eric’s pharmacy company VCS was to be delivered pharmaceuticals by Tanya who owns a pharmaceutical delivery business.

Information Needs for the AIS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Needs for the AIS - Coursework Example The assumption gives managers a challenge especially when making decisions based on assumptions. Therefore, the correct interpretation of the information’s systems gives managers the confidence to make concrete decisions that will make their companies successful. Some companies do not release all their financial information to their stakeholders. The stakeholders are the public, employees and shareholders who have a stake in the company. Withholding such valuable information usually leads to suspicion especially by the shareholders who have invested a lot of money into the business and may want to know how these funds are working for them. Some of the companies may not release information fearing undue competition due to leakage of sensitive financial information that may expose the company to the unnecessary competition. Managers do not usually have the information they want as they are seeking for it. Managers may have less information than they need but usually conduct research to find out the rest of the information. For one to request the information they know they should have seen it and tested it to determine whether they can make decisions for such a company. It is, therefore, important to have a tested model in order to determine the information you want. Managers need information and giving them may improve their decision-making. Firstly, the information should be relevant. Presently, many resources carry a lot of information, which needs carefully sorting to get the required data. The assumption is also necessary for that even having experience some of the managers may not correctly use the information to come up with satisfactory decisions. Some managers may not have experience in using certain information to make decisions especially where there is an upsurge of information. Choice of vital information for decision-making is paramount as it determines how the decision made will

Segmentation Essay Example for Free

Segmentation Essay Market segmentation is where marketers split the market into groups with similarities that would make it easy to target their product to the consumers, if they do not do this then they could waste money and time on targeting the wrong people. The company would be trying to maximise their sales so that they can gain as much money as possible. Using market segmentation could mean a business could gain a commercial advantage as they would be advertising to a specific audience, they would be matching target audience and the product effectively. Demographics are where the companies target market would be to a group because of their Gender, age, race/nationality, family size, occupation and education. For example McDonalds advertise happy meals to children because they would keep bugging their parents to take them to get them it. Geographic’s are where the companies target market would be to a group because of where they live, for example an expensive store wouldn’t come to Burnley because most of the residents are working class and don’t have a lot of money. Psychographics are where the companies target market would be to a group because of personality, lifestyle and interests. For example subway would advertise to people with a healthy lifestyle. These segmentation methods are used to split up the market so business can find the perfect target market, if companies didn’t use these methods then the companies wouldn’t have a good understanding of the people they are trying to advertise to. ACORN or A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods, is used to segment the market into different classifications, the classifications are split up into 5 categories, which are: †¢ Wealthy Achievers – wealthy people who already have good, well-paid jobs, †¢ Urban Prosperity – wealthy people who are aspiring to have good, well-paid jobs, †¢ Comfortably Off – people aren’t particularly wealthy but have a decent sized house etc. †¢ Hard Pressed lower classed people, who are live in high rise flats etc. Moderate Means – working class people, live in terraces. Another method of segmentation the public are is a system created by Experian called Mosaic, this assigns people to groups based on their post code, neighbourhood etc. and it makes assumptions about peoples likes, dislikes and lifestyles based on their postcode area. †¢ A Career professionals living in sought after locations †¢ B Younger families living in newer h omes †¢ C Older families living in suburbia D Close-knit, inner city and manufacturing town communities †¢ E Educated, young, single people living in areas of transient populations †¢ F People living in social housing with uncertain employment in deprived areas †¢ G Low income families living in estate based social housing †¢ H Upwardly mobile families living in homes bought from social landlords †¢ I Older people living in social housing with high care needs †¢ J Independent older people with relatively active lifestyles †¢ K People living in rural areas far from urbanisation McDonalds target markets are happy meals, saver menu, portion sizes, fillet o’Fish, breakfast and hot drinks; the happy meal is targeted towards children as they will use pester power to make their parents take them to McDonalds. They sell small portions that contain a healthy snack and you get a free toy in them, the toy is themed towards a children’s cartoon film, they normally advertise on nickelodeon, cartoon network and Disney channel because that’s what most children watch. They advertise after 3 o’clock because that’s when most children get home from school as if they advertised before 3 o’clock then not a lot of children would see it; the happy meal would also suit the elderly as they won’t be able to eat a big meal. The saver menu would suit students and people who don’t have a lot of money; it would suit students as they won’t have to spend a lot of money on the larger meals and they can spend it more important things or going out at the weekend. It would suit people who don’t have a lot of money as they are relatively small portions and it is only 99p for a burger so it is a cheap. The portion sizes would be good for when people who aren’t particularly hungry or they are really hungry, as if they aren’t hungry they can get a medium meal, If they are really hungry they can get the large meals. This is good as it creates more of a target market for McDonalds to attract. The Fillet o’Fish as people who don’t like eating meat can get this instead of just getting chips, this is good as well as it McDonalds look like they are family orientated and they don’t miss anyone out. The McDonalds breakfast suits people who have to get up early as they do normal breakfast meals instead of a burger they could get sausage or something else. The hot drinks are good for when it is winter as people won’t want cold drinks as they would want warm drinks like coffee or hot chocolate etc. McDonalds will have a variety of different targets for their products and services. 4 examples can look at: Families: Families are targets as when families go out, they normally go to places that the kids will enjoy as if the kids aren’t happy, then parents will not be happy as they will be seeing their children unsatisfied with where they are. McDonalds will advertise all they can to make it look more appealing to all generations of families, These services aim towards providing friendly environments for the customers to have fun at and enjoy meals at affordable prices. They will be close families, as they will be visiting places with the idea of where is best suitable for the kids and themselves to enjoy themselves. The gender is not again specific as families could be of mixed gender. The age range will be from 1+ as a nice little outing to McDonald’s with the family is always nice. Parents with Children: parents with children will take their child to McDonald’s to give their children a treat. This is a product that McDonalds has produced to attract children between the ages of 1-10, as it has a free toy with the meal it is aiming to attract children and not only will the food be a treat but they will also get a free toy to play with. The target markets for happy meals is the parents buying their children food will be identified as young children ranging from ages of 1-10 as the toys that come with the happy meals look suitable for children of that age. Teenagers: Teenagers usually have limits to how much they can spend on food, As they may have limited pocket money or more important ideas of something they may want to purchase so cannot afford to spend their money on fast food. This is why they are attracted to the saver menu, the saver menu is where you can buy food for a reasonably price. Also teenagers are known to be the main users of social networking sites and users of the internet, so the idea of free WIFI access available in their restaurants is also another way to attract people to their restaurants. So, the target market for the saver menu will be identified as someone who wants to enjoy McDonald’s at an affordable price and the target market for the free wifi will be mainly teenagers as a stop at a restaurant for a quick check of their social networking sites will tempt them to buy something quick to enjoy whilst they are in the store. The age range for both the saver menu and WI-FI will be from 16+ as people from the age of 16 + are identified to be the age range of social networking sites and the saver menu is for everyone. Local Workers: Whilst on their breaks; local workers may pop in to the closest McDonalds, they have nearest to them to have a hot meal as it’s usually served very quickly and this makes it very efficient for the workers as they may have a short break. The lifestyle of these regular workers will be busy as they are working and may not have enough time in mornings to prepare dinner before they leave so they visit cafe/restaurants that are close by to eat in at and then head back to work. Also, they will need reasonable prices as they may have budgets for their dinner/meals. Gender of local workers will also not be specific in this case as you can be of any gender to have a job. The age range will be that of 18+ to about 65, as 18 is the age you most people start working and usually people retire at 65 and are not likely to be regular customers, as fast food places as due to being older than maybe teenagers, they have to be more careful with their diets as they can be more affected easily health wise with regular takeaway consuming. A Business Person: a business person will visit McDonalds during the morning, maybe for a brew or the breakfast, Also their food can be eaten in a vehicle without it affecting a busy work schedule, as they can use the drive thru, McDonalds have many drive thru’s which is a service that makes it efficient for people that may not have enough time to eat in to enjoy their products in their vehicles. The target market for a drive thru will be busy people that do not have enough time to eat in. The gender for business customers will be both male and female as in the modern world. The age range of established and busy business people is most likely to be about 30+.

Teachers Meeting The Challenges of Student Disabilities Essay -- Educa

In this chapter, we discussed the numerous challenges that teachers face while teaching students with different disabilities. It was found that barring a few teachers who had knowledge of the exact needs of these students, majority of the teachers deployed methods that they felt would assist learning for them. Modifications in teaching methods were undertaken based on the nature of the students’ disability and the demands of subject taught. In case of some government colleges, parents were reportedly assisting in the laboratory due the absence of support staff. In the case of students with visual impairments and/or learning disabilities, repetition was found to be the most favoured method to explain everything, from diagrams in economics to sociological concepts. However, implementation of this method was time-consuming. While, in general, students with disabilities were encouraged to seek help from the teachers beyond the class timing, it was observed that students with learning disabilities rarely did so, possibly due to the social stigma attached to their disability. With regard to teaching students with learning disabilities, it was found that a majority of teachers did not take any particular efforts towards addressing the needs of these students may be because their disabilities were hidden or invisible in nature. Contrast to the lack of information on how to cater to students with learning disabilities, a majority of the teachers were able to adjudge some measures as facilitating learning among students with visual impairments such as encourage students to sit in the front row, read aloud any text that was presented in visual format or making the study material available in soft copy. The onus, however, was on the stude... ...7–24. Reddy, Raghava C. 2011. ‘From Impairment to Disability and Beyond: Critical Explorations in Disability Studies’, Sociological Bulletin, 60 (2): 287–306. Sharma, Umesh, Dennis Moore and Sanjeev Sonawane. 2009. ‘Attitudes and Concerns of Pre-service Teachers regarding Inclusion of Students with Disabilities into Regular Schools in Pune, India’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 37 (3): 319–31. Singal, Nidhi. 2005. ‘Mapping the Field of Inclusive Education: A Review of the Indian Literature’, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 9 (4): 331–50. ––––. 2006. ‘Inclusive Education in India: International concept, national interpretation’, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53 (3): 351–69. ––––. 2010. ‘Doing Disability Research in a Southern Context: Challenges and Possibilities’, Disability & Society, 25 (4): 415–26.

The Restoration of the Athenian Empire

â€Å"The Restoration of the Athenian Empire† Our walls are crumbling and our fleet is minute. We here in Athens are unable to collect tribute from other city-states and are often in threat of being attacked. Our fleet is defenseless and weak. The Democratic fraction, propose that we spend our time and hard earned money on the rebuilding of our walls and fleet. That way Athens can dangerously collect tributes from other Greek city-states. The Democrats also would like to commence in hazardous military voyages with our insubstantial navy. Hoping the result brings forth great rewards.However as a Student of Socrates I strappingly disagree with the Democratic fractions. Yes our walls are collapsing and our fleet feeble but, is it essential to spend our money and time to rebuild. Is it of such importance collecting tributes that we put our great people of Athens at high risk? If we are to lead our few strong navy men to expeditions will they return, and who will protect our city-s tate. Instead of rebuilding and wasting our valuable time and money, the Students of Socrates propose to enlarge the hoplite divisions. Our foot soldiers will however need equipment in order to protect our great state.We feel that with the money saved from not rebuilding our walls and fleet, our great state can provide these soldiers with the necessary tools. We do not want our walls or fleet to be rebuilt and feel as we should be self-sufficient within our own decaying walls. We feel that if we were to rebuild the fleet we could potentially be corrupting our great people with foreigner’s ideas and thoughts. As Socrates states â€Å"the Democratic fractions will make a tour of other states, where they will hire actors, with their fine persuasive voices, to play their works to large audiences, and sway them over to tyranny or democracy. As found on Page 306 568c Instead of becoming corrupt we wish to make Athens stronger. Socrates advice would be â€Å"to stick to his own wa y of life†. Anytime you allow outside influence your allowing potential corruption. Also Athens navy is frail and unable to protect the fleet so we would be risking the few strong men we have along with the rest of the Athenian’s. It is vital that we keep our strongest men safe so that we can train several upcoming foot soldiers. Who would we have to protect Athens if our strongest were directed on an expedition and perished?Instead of allowing Athens to become corrupt or even worse weakened under attack we would like to see our great state become self-sustaining. In this we would like Athenian’s to depend on our own resources. We can learn to make what we don’t have and the things that are insurmountable we can learn to live without. This may not be easy but, in time we will become a much stronger Greek unit. Socrates states on page 295 559b â€Å"But the desire for a more varied and luxurious diet is one which, with discipline and training from an early age, can normally be got rid of, and which is physically damaging to intelligence and self-discipline.May it therefore rightly be called unnecessary? † We will learn to be happy with our own resources and man-made items. This will make us nondependent on any other city-state. With our hoplite divisions trained, enlarged and, with sufficient equipment we should be less fearful of potential invasions. If by chance an assault on Athens was to transpire we now have many trained and equipped foot soldiers to protect us. In conclusion The Students off Socrates feel that by not rebuilding the fleet or wall we are making Athens a sturdier more dependent unit.We intend to grow our own nourishment, live off our own resources, and make our own merchandises. Without negative effects of foreign persuasion’s all our efforts and valuable resources will be retained within our own city-state. That with the saved expenses we are able to provide necessary tools and train many added foot soldiers. Adding superfluous security within our city-state. With the expansion of our hoplite division we will be able to keep our great state of Athens and all its inhabitants safe. l

The Tale of Cupid and Psyche. Love Stories Essay

Love Stories Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virgil’s Aeneas and Dido is a love story that has been in existence for decades. It is about Dido, the queen of Carthage who falls in love with Aeneas, a Trojan soldier. In the story, it is evident that Dido has fallen for Aeneas since she finally confides in her sister concerning her love for Aeneas. Dido is a widow; although she had sworn never to fall in love again, this promise is short term. After confiding in her sister about her attraction towards Aeneas, Anna advises her to proceed since it will be beneficial not only to her but to the city as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virgil’s Aeneas and Dido has a number of strengths. For instance, the rate at which the relationship between Dido and Aeneas blossoms. The relationship between the two develops quite fast that Jupiter and Mercury are caught unawares. It is only after realizing the extent that the relationship has reached that Jupiter acts promptly to end it. In a move to end the relationship, Jupiter sends Mercury to converse with Aeneas and remind him of his destiny. According to Jupiter, Aeneasâ€Å"†¦ought to be founding a city in Italy†¦ (Virgil 12)† Similarly, after the death of her husband, Dido had sworn never to fall in love again. However, this does not happen since she falls for Aeneas the moment she spots him. Although Dido has fallen for Aeneas, she is afraid of breaking the promise she had made to her late husband. Dido confides in Anne who advises her to fall in love with Aeneas. The passion for Aeneas becomes unbearab le since she finally breaks the promise she had made about being loyal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between Aeneas and Dido was strong that it caught the attention of the gods. For instance, Venus and Juno are aware of this relationship. This becomes evident when Juno says, â€Å"†¦let’s do some matchmaking†¦ (Virgil 36)† It is clear that Venus and Juno wanted the relationship between Aeneas and Dido to proceed to marriage. In a move to achieve this, Venus and Juno come up with a plan that results to Dido and Aeneas making love. In the plan, Aeneas and Dido go hunting; Juno makes the rain to fall so that the two can take cover in a cave. It is through this plan that Aeneas and Dido become intimate, which increases the strength of the relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apart from the strength, Virgil’s story also has a number of weaknesses. For instance, Dido is fond of making promises and then breaking them. For example, although she had promised to remain loyal to her dead husband, she breaks this promise the moment Aeneas walks in (Virgil 12). This implies that she is likely to end the relationship between Aeneas and herself. Additionally, by falling for Aeneas, Dido lags behind in performing her duties as the queen; thus, the work of city building starts to collapse. Another weakness of Virgil’s story is that there are some disagreements between the gods. For instance, although Juno and Venus are in support of the relationship, this is not the case for Jupiter and Mercury. When Jupiter notices the relationship, he sends Mercury who asks Aeneas to leave the city. Although the romantic relationship between Aeneas and Dido was strong, it ends tragically with the death of Dido dueto the sud den departure of Aeneas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apuleius’ Cupid and Psyche is a story about a romantic relationship that blossoms between Psyche and Cupid, the son of Venus, who is the goddess of love.According to the story, Psyche is quite beautiful to the extent that Venus, the goddess of love, developed hatred for her (Apuleius 39). Therefore, Venus asks her son, cupid, to go and stab Psyche with an arrow. This is evident when Venus asks Cupid to, â€Å"†¦punish that contumacious beauty†¦ (Apuleius 16)† However, cupid is stunned by Psyche’s beauty so much that he stabs himself instead. Cupid immediately falls in love with Psyche and gradually a relationship blossoms between the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   UnlikeAeneas and Dido, the story of Cupid and Psyche tends to have more strength. The story brings out the extent that one can go to in the name of seeking love.This comes out when Psyche is not ready to lose Cupid. Psyche is aware that Venus does not want her to marry Cupid, but she goes ahead to inquire about Cupid’s whereabouts from Venus. When Venus sees Psych, she refers to her as, â€Å"†¦the most undutiful and faithless of servants†¦ (Apuleius 5)†Although Cupid and Psyche are from two different worlds, they are able to finally marry each other and live happily.Psyche’s love for Cupid is also seen when she accomplishes all the difficult tasks she was given by Venus. First, psyche is made to sort a huge pile of seeds before being asked to retrieve the Golden Fleece. After successfully accomplishing the first two tests, Venus then asks Psyche to fill a flask with water from river Styx. In the final test, Psyche is to go to the underworld and return with Persephone (Apuleius 79). Although these tasks are tedious, the love Psyche has for Cupid prompts her into accomplishing all the tasks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One weaknessapparent in this story is that it contains unrealistic aspects. For instance, it is quite unrealistic for Cupid, a god, to marry Psyche who was a human being. It is therefore a weakness since it makes the story seem fictitious. Additionally, another aspect that makes the story weak is the fact that there are several incidences of disobedience. For instance, although Psyche is warned against identifying her suitor, she disobeys this statement and goes ahead to identify Cupid. Similarly, when Venus asks Psyche to fetch the Persephone, she opens it out of curiosity and instantly falls into deep sleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dante’s Paola and Francesca is a story about Francesca, the daughter to the lord of Ravenna, and Gianciotto, the son to the lord of Rimini. Ravenna and Rimini have continuously been engaging in war. In a move to end the conflicts, the two lords agreed to marry off their children (Singleton). Since Gianciotto is disabled and ugly, he does not attend the wedding ceremony. Paolois the youngest brother to Gianciotto. He is picked to represent Gianciotto since he is handsome and good-looking and it is obvious that Francesca will fall in love with him. The plan proceeds well since Francesca doesn’t know the truth until the following morning when she wakes up beside Gianciotto (Singleton). However, since Francesca has fallen in love with Paolo, a secret relationship blossoms between the two (Singleton).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Dante’s story has a tragic end with the death of both Paola and Francesca, it is also one of the best-drafted love stories since there are a number of lessons worth learning from it. One strength is that through marriage, harmony is established between Ravenna and Rimini. This comes out when Francesca and Gianciotto get married. However, compared to stories by Virgil and Apuleius, Dante’s Paolo and Francesca has more weaknesses than strengths. The story is marred with deception. For example, during the wedding ceremony, Paolo impersonates Gianciotto since he is more handsome(Singleton). Impersonating Gianciotto increased the opportunity of Francesca accepting the marriage. This implies that Francesca was deceived about the real Gianciotto and so was her father who was the lord of Ravenna. This deception is the reason why the marriage between Gianciotto and Francesca is unstable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apart from impersonation, another aspect is dishonesty. Since Francesca has fallen in love with Paolo, their relationship still goes on even after the wedding(Singleton). After several years, the secret finally comes to light when Gianciotto walks in on them while behind closed doors. This discovery angers Gianciotto that he decides to kill Paolo. However, when he swings his rapier, Francesca rushes between them and takes the blow. The rapier ends up cutting through Francesca’s bosom before finally slitting through Paolo, therefore, killing both of them instantly (Singleton). It is due to these deceptions that the tragic deaths of the two couples occurs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the three stories are romantic, Apuleius’ Cupid and Psyche is the most romantic love story. Unlike the other stories that end tragically with the death of main characters, it is only Apuleius’ Cupid and Psyche that ends positively when the two couples get married. Similarly, it is also the best love story since more aspects of love are depicted. For example, the tests that Psyche accomplishes when she goes in pursuit of Cupid. References Apuleius, Joel. The Tale of Cupid and Psyche. Indianna: Hackett Publishing, 2009. Print. Singleton, Charles. â€Å"Romance Stories: Paolo& Francesca as told by Dante.† Wisdom Portal. 1977. Web. 31 October 2014. < http://www.wisdomportal.com/Romance/Paolo-Francesca.html> Virgil & Maclennan, Keith. Virgil: Aeneid Iv. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. Print. Source document

Avignon Papacy - When the Popes Resided in France

Avignon Papacy - When the Popes Resided in France The term Avignon Papacy refers to the Catholic papacy during the period 1309-1377, when the popes lived in and operated out of Avignon, France, instead of their traditional home in Rome. The Avignon Papacy was also known as: The Babylon Captivity (a reference to the forced detention of Jews in Babylonia c. 598 B.C.E.) Origins of the Avignon Papacy: Philip IV of France was instrumental in securing the election of Clement V, a Frenchman, to the papacy in 1305. This was an unpopular outcome in Rome, where factionalism made Clements life as pope stressful. To escape the oppressive atmosphere, in 1309 Clement chose to move the papal capital to Avignon, which was the property of papal vassals at that time. The French Nature of the Avignon Papacy: The majority of the men that Clement V appointed as cardinals were French; and since the cardinals elected the pope, this meant that future popes were likely to be French, as well. All seven of the Avignonese popes and 111 of the 134 cardinals created during the Avignon papacy were French. Although the Avignonese popes were able to maintain a measure of independence, the French kings did exert some influence from time to time, and the appearance of French influence on the papacy, whether real or not, was undeniable. The Avignonese Popes: 1305-1314: Clement V1316-1334: John XXII1334-1342: Benedict XII1342-1352: Clement VI1352-1362: Innocent VI1362-1370: Urban V1370-1378: Gregory XI Achievements of the Avignon Papacy: The popes were not idle during their time in France. Some of them made sincere efforts to improve the situation of the Catholic Church and to achieve peace in Christendom. Among their achievements: The administrative offices and other agencies of the papacy were extensively, and effectively, reorganized and centralized.Missionary enterprises were expanded; ultimately, they would reach as far as China.University education was promoted.The College of Cardinals began to strengthen their role in the government of church affairs.Attempts were made to settle secular conflicts. The Avignon Papacys Poor Reputation: The Avignon popes were not as much under the control of the French kings as it has been charged (or as the kings would have liked). However, some popes did bow to royal pressure, as Clement V did to a degree in the matter of the Templars. Although Avignon belonged to the papacy (it was purchased from papal vassals in 1348), there was nevertheless the perception that it belonged to France, and that the popes were, therefore, beholden to the French Crown for their livelihoods. In addition, the Papal States in Italy now had to answer to French authorities. Italian interests in the papacy had in past centuries resulted in just as much corruption as in Avignon, if not more so, but this did not stop Italians from attacking the Avignon popes with fervor. One particularly vociferous critic was Petrarch, who had spent most of his childhood in Avignon and, after taking minor orders, was to spend more time there in clerical service. In a famous letter to a friend, he described Avignon as the Babylon of the West, a sentiment that took hold in the imagination of future scholars. The End of the Avignon Papacy: Both Catherine of Siena and St. Bridget of Sweden are credited with persuading Pope Gregory XI to return the See to Rome. This he did on Jan. 17, 1377. But Gregorys stay in Rome was plagued with hostilities, and he seriously considered returning to Avignon. Before he could make any move, however, he died in March 1378. The Avignon Papacy had officially ended. Repercussions of the Avignon Papacy: When Gregory XI moved the See back to Rome, he did so over the objections of the Cardinals in France. The man elected to succeed him, Urban VI, was so hostile to the cardinals that 13 of them met to choose another pope, who, far from replacing Urban, could only stand in opposition to him. Thus began the Western Schism (a.k.a. the Great Schism), in which two popes and two papal curiae existed simultaneously for another four decades. The bad reputation of the Avignon administration, whether deserved or not, would damage the prestige of the papacy. Many Christians were already facing crises of faith thanks to the problems encountered during and after the Black Death. The gulf between the Catholic Church and lay Christians seeking spiritual guidance would only widen.

B.Ed Notes of Communication

Principle of appropriate feedback Principle of facilitators and barriers of communication Verbal Communication: Oral; Written; Oral and written Non Verbal Communication Facial Expression Language of the eye Body language Sound Symbols Symbolic Code language ? ? Desirable Undesirable ? Â  Maieunic theory of Teaching Communication theory of Teaching (Herbartian) Moulding Theory of Teaching (conditioning) The Mutual inquiry theory of Teaching Gagne’s hierarchical theory of instruction Atkinson’s Optimal learning theory of Instruction Bruner’s Cognitive theory of Instruction Gage’s cognitive theory of teaching \ Ryan’s theory of Teaching behaviour Clark’s general theory of teaching Mitra’s psychological theory of teaching Mangal Mangal: Theories of Teaching Communication and Teaching Learning J C Aggarwal: Communication, Information Technology and computers in Education ? What is Classroom communication? What are the principles of an effective classroom communication?

Human resources organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human resources organization - Assignment Example I will set the goal of group deadlines for returning feedback and specific responsibilities and deadlines for each training lesson amongst the group members. They will be assessed on their current standing especially Susan and Hari for their laid-back attitude and late submission of work and how the other members cover up for them. This obstacle will be provided with options like formulating a time table or increasing work hours to avoid further delays or delegating and splitting the work into smaller easily attainable tasks. The best option will be implemented. Then the outcome/progress must be reviewed against objectives and analysis of the trainees; if unsuccessful then the strategy must be revised and trainers will be threatened of job security. If it works then it is an ongoing process. Setting and monitoring management strategies is never a static operation.